在生活和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，清洗是一項(xiàng)必不可少的工作。從精密的電子元件到日常的眼鏡首飾，從復(fù)雜的機(jī)械零件到各類光學(xué)儀器，清洗的質(zhì)量直接影響著產(chǎn)品的性能和使用壽命。而超聲波清洗機(jī)，憑借其獨(dú)特的清洗原理和高效的清洗效果，正逐漸成為清洗領(lǐng)域的 “明星產(chǎn)品”。

Cleaning is an essential task in both daily life and industrial production. The quality of cleaning directly affects the performance and service life of products, from precision electronic components to everyday eyewear and jewelry, from complex mechanical parts to various optical instruments. Ultrasonic cleaning machines, with their unique cleaning principles and efficient cleaning effects, are gradually becoming the "star products" in the cleaning field.

一、發(fā)展歷程：從理論到應(yīng)用的跨越

1、 Development process: a leap from theory to application

超聲波清洗技術(shù)的發(fā)展可以追溯到 20 世紀(jì)初。1914 - 1918 年，朗之萬(wàn)發(fā)明了夾心壓電換能器，為超聲波技術(shù)的發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。20 世紀(jì) 20 年代，梅森發(fā)明變幅桿，與換能器連接可產(chǎn)生高強(qiáng)度超聲波振動(dòng)。30 年代，美國(guó)無(wú)線電公司技術(shù)人員提出超聲波清洗技術(shù)。中國(guó)的超聲波清洗器件起始于 50 年代初，最初主要應(yīng)用于電子、光學(xué)和醫(yī)藥等領(lǐng)域。隨著技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，70 - 80 年代，美國(guó)及歐洲將超聲波技術(shù)廣泛運(yùn)用到工業(yè)生產(chǎn)上。90 年代后期，超聲波清洗設(shè)備種類繁多，技術(shù)逐漸走向成熟，高頻超聲波清洗設(shè)備的占比也越來(lái)越高。

The development of ultrasonic cleaning technology can be traced back to the early 20th century. In 1914-1918, Langevin invented the sandwich piezoelectric transducer, laying the foundation for the development of ultrasonic technology. In the 1920s, Mason invented a variable amplitude rod that, when connected to a transducer, can generate high-intensity ultrasonic vibrations. In the 1930s, American radio company technicians proposed ultrasonic cleaning technology. China's ultrasonic cleaning devices began in the early 1950s and were initially mainly used in fields such as electronics, optics, and medicine. With the continuous development of technology, in the 1970s and 1980s, the United States and Europe widely applied ultrasonic technology to industrial production. In the late 1990s, there were various types of ultrasonic cleaning equipment, and the technology gradually matured. The proportion of high-frequency ultrasonic cleaning equipment also increased.

二、工作原理：神奇的 “空化效應(yīng)”

2、 Working principle: magical "cavitation effect"

超聲波清洗機(jī)的工作原理主要基于超聲波的 “空化效應(yīng)”。超聲波是頻率高于 20000 赫茲的聲波，它具有方向性好、穿透能力強(qiáng)、易于獲得較集中聲能的特點(diǎn)。當(dāng)超聲波在液體中傳播時(shí)，會(huì)使液體中的微氣泡在聲波的作用下保持振動(dòng)。在減壓力作用時(shí)，液體中產(chǎn)生真空核群泡；在壓縮力作用時(shí)，真空核群泡受壓力壓碎產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)大的沖擊力，這種沖擊力能夠剝離被清洗物表面的污垢，達(dá)到精密洗凈的目的。

The working principle of ultrasonic cleaning machine is mainly based on the "cavitation effect" of ultrasonic waves. Ultrasonic waves are sound waves with frequencies higher than 20000 hertz, which have the characteristics of good directionality, strong penetration ability, and easy acquisition of concentrated sound energy. When ultrasound propagates in liquid, it causes microbubbles in the liquid to remain vibrating under the action of sound waves. When the pressure is reduced, vacuum nucleus bubbles are generated in the liquid; When subjected to compressive force, the vacuum core bubble is crushed by pressure to generate a strong impact force, which can peel off the dirt on the surface of the cleaned object and achieve precise cleaning.

除了空化作用，超聲波在液體中還會(huì)產(chǎn)生直進(jìn)流作用和加速度作用。直進(jìn)流可使被清洗物表面的微油污垢被攪拌，促進(jìn)污垢表面清洗液的對(duì)流，加快溶解污物的溶解液與新液的融合，對(duì)污物起到搬運(yùn)作用。對(duì)于頻率較高的超聲波清洗機(jī)，加速度作用則靠液體粒子在超聲作用下的加速度撞擊粒子對(duì)污物進(jìn)行超精密清洗。

In addition to cavitation, ultrasound also produces direct flow and acceleration effects in liquids. Direct flow can stir the micro oil dirt on the surface of the cleaned object, promote the convection of the cleaning solution on the dirt surface, accelerate the fusion of the dissolved liquid and the new liquid, and play a role in transporting the dirt. For high-frequency ultrasonic cleaning machines, the acceleration effect relies on the acceleration of liquid particles under ultrasonic action to collide with particles for ultra precision cleaning of dirt.

三、結(jié)構(gòu)組成：三大模塊協(xié)同工作

3、 Structure composition: Three major modules work together

最簡(jiǎn)單的超聲波清洗設(shè)備由超聲波發(fā)生器、換能器和清洗槽三個(gè)模塊構(gòu)成。

The simplest ultrasonic cleaning equipment consists of three modules: ultrasonic generator, transducer, and cleaning tank.

超聲波發(fā)生器的作用是產(chǎn)生并向換能器提供超聲能量，將市電轉(zhuǎn)換成與超聲波換能器相匹配的高頻交流電信號(hào)。它就像是超聲波清洗機(jī)的 “心臟”，為整個(gè)清洗過(guò)程提供動(dòng)力支持。其頻率自動(dòng)跟蹤和振幅控制特性至關(guān)重要，能根據(jù)負(fù)載和工具磨損情況調(diào)整輸出功率，保證清洗質(zhì)量并保護(hù)超聲系統(tǒng)。

The function of an ultrasonic generator is to generate and provide ultrasonic energy to the transducer, converting the mains power into high-frequency AC signals that match the ultrasonic transducer. It is like the "heart" of an ultrasonic cleaning machine, providing power support for the entire cleaning process. The automatic frequency tracking and amplitude control characteristics are crucial, as they can adjust the output power according to the load and tool wear, ensuring cleaning quality and protecting the ultrasonic system.

換能器主要將超聲波發(fā)生器輸入的電功率轉(zhuǎn)化成高強(qiáng)度的機(jī)械振動(dòng)功率傳遞到清洗槽。在大功率超聲波清洗機(jī)中，常采用多個(gè)換能器組合組成換能器陣列，以提高聲電效率，加強(qiáng)清洗效果。常見的換能器有壓電換能器和磁致伸縮換能器。

The transducer mainly converts the electrical power input by the ultrasonic generator into high-intensity mechanical vibration power and transmits it to the cleaning tank. In high-power ultrasonic cleaning machines, multiple transducers are often combined to form a transducer array to improve acoustic and electrical efficiency and enhance cleaning effectiveness. Common transducers include piezoelectric transducers and magnetostrictive transducers.

清洗槽通常使用不銹鋼鋼板做成，換能器和清洗槽粘連處的鋼板不能太厚，否則會(huì)減少聲能損失，粘貼面需做磨砂處理，以確保換能器和清洗槽壁牢牢粘貼。而清洗槽內(nèi)壁與清洗液接觸，要進(jìn)行拋光處理，減少對(duì)清洗槽的空化腐蝕。

The cleaning tank is usually made of stainless steel plate. The steel plate at the junction of the transducer and the cleaning tank should not be too thick, otherwise it will reduce the loss of sound energy. The bonding surface needs to be sandblasted to ensure that the transducer and the cleaning tank wall are firmly adhered. When the inner wall of the cleaning tank comes into contact with the cleaning solution, it needs to be polished to reduce cavitation corrosion of the cleaning tank.

四、分類多樣：滿足不同需求

4、 Diverse categories: meeting different needs

根據(jù)用途的不同，超聲波清洗機(jī)可分為工業(yè)用、商用、實(shí)驗(yàn)室用和家用超聲波清洗機(jī)。工業(yè)用超聲波清洗機(jī)主要用于機(jī)械零部件、電子元件等的清洗，具有功率大、清洗效率高的特點(diǎn)；商用超聲波清洗機(jī)常用于眼鏡店、珠寶店等，清洗一些小型物品；實(shí)驗(yàn)室用超聲波清洗機(jī)對(duì)清洗精度要求較高，可滿足科研實(shí)驗(yàn)中的清洗需求；家用超聲波清洗機(jī)則操作簡(jiǎn)單、體積小巧，適合清洗日常的餐具、水果、眼鏡等。

According to different purposes, ultrasonic cleaning machines can be divided into industrial, commercial, laboratory, and household ultrasonic cleaning machines. Industrial ultrasonic cleaning machines are mainly used for cleaning mechanical components, electronic components, etc., and have the characteristics of high power and high cleaning efficiency; Commercial ultrasonic cleaning machines are commonly used in eyewear stores, jewelry stores, etc. to clean some small items; The laboratory ultrasonic cleaning machine requires high cleaning accuracy and can meet the cleaning needs in scientific research experiments; The household ultrasonic cleaning machine is easy to operate and compact in size, suitable for cleaning daily utensils, fruits, glasses, etc.

按自動(dòng)化程度，又可分為全自動(dòng)、半自動(dòng)和手動(dòng)超聲波清洗機(jī)。全自動(dòng)超聲波清洗機(jī)可實(shí)現(xiàn)一鍵操作，自動(dòng)完成清洗、漂洗、干燥等一系列流程；半自動(dòng)超聲波清洗機(jī)需要人工輔助完成部分操作；手動(dòng)超聲波清洗機(jī)則主要依靠人工控制清洗過(guò)程。

According to the degree of automation, it can be divided into fully automatic, semi-automatic, and manual ultrasonic cleaning machines. The fully automatic ultrasonic cleaning machine can achieve one click operation, automatically completing a series of processes such as cleaning, rinsing, drying, etc; The semi-automatic ultrasonic cleaning machine requires manual assistance to complete some operations; Manual ultrasonic cleaning machines mainly rely on manual control of the cleaning process.

此外，還可按容量、槽體數(shù)量、使用的清洗劑等進(jìn)行分類，不同類型的超聲波清洗機(jī)滿足了各行各業(yè)多樣化的清洗需求。

In addition, ultrasonic cleaning machines can be classified according to capacity, number of tanks, and cleaning agents used. Different types of ultrasonic cleaning machines meet the diverse cleaning needs of various industries.

五、優(yōu)勢(shì)顯著：高效、環(huán)保又安全

5、 Significant advantages: efficient, environmentally friendly, and safe

超聲波清洗機(jī)具有諸多優(yōu)勢(shì)。首先，清洗效率高，它能夠快速去除各類污垢，清洗速度比傳統(tǒng)清洗方法快數(shù)倍甚至數(shù)十倍。其次，清洗效果好，能夠深入清洗物體表面的細(xì)微縫隙和孔洞，達(dá)到傳統(tǒng)清洗方式難以企及的潔凈度，特別適用于表面形狀復(fù)雜的零件清洗。再者，超聲波清洗機(jī)在清洗過(guò)程中可減少化學(xué)溶劑的用量，降低環(huán)境污染，更加環(huán)保。而且，它采用物理清洗方式，對(duì)被清洗物體的損傷極小，保證了物品的安全性。

Ultrasonic cleaning machines have many advantages. Firstly, it has high cleaning efficiency and can quickly remove various types of dirt. The cleaning speed is several times or even dozens of times faster than traditional cleaning methods. Secondly, the cleaning effect is good, which can deeply clean the fine gaps and holes on the surface of objects, achieving a cleanliness level that traditional cleaning methods cannot achieve, especially suitable for cleaning parts with complex surface shapes. Furthermore, ultrasonic cleaning machines can reduce the amount of chemical solvents used during the cleaning process, lower environmental pollution, and are more environmentally friendly. Moreover, it adopts a physical cleaning method, which causes minimal damage to the cleaned object and ensures the safety of the item.

隨著科技的不斷進(jìn)步，超聲波清洗機(jī)將向著更高效、經(jīng)濟(jì)、智能化的方向發(fā)展。未來(lái)，我們有望看到更多新型的超聲波清洗設(shè)備，為我們的生活和生產(chǎn)帶來(lái)更多便利。

With the continuous advancement of technology, ultrasonic cleaning machines will develop towards higher efficiency, economy, and intelligence. In the future, we are expected to see more new types of ultrasonic cleaning equipment, bringing more convenience to our lives and production.